Egyptian
Kings
EARLY
DYNASTIC PERIOD
1st
Dynasty
(2920 -
2770)
Little
actual history is known of the pharaohs of the early dynasties. Their
monuments, however,
are
some of the most studied artifacts in the world.
Menes
(Aha)
Iti
(Neithhotep)
Djer
Wadj
Den
(Udimu)
Anendjib
Semerkhet
Kaa
2nd
Dynasty
(2770 -
2650)
Hetepsekhemwy
Reneb
Ninetjer
Peribsen
Khasekhemwy
OLD
KINGDOM
The age
of the Pyramid. The pyramids of Giza and Dahshur are built during this period.
3rd Dynasty
Sanakhte
(Nebka) 2650 - 2630
Netjerykhet
(Djoser) 2630 - 2611
Sekhemkhet
(Djoser Teti) 2611 - 2603
Khaba
2603 - 2599
Huni
2599 - 2575
4th
Dynasty
Snofru
2575 - 2551
Khufu
(Cheops) 2551 - 2528
Radjedef
2528 - 2520
Khafre
(Chephren) 2520 - 2494
Menkaure
(Mycerinus) 2490 - 2472
Shepseskaf
2472 - 2467
5th
Dynasty
Userkaf
2465 - 2458
Sahure
2458 - 2446
Neferirkare
Kakai 2446 - 2426
Shepseskare
Ini 2426 - 2419
Raneferef
2419 - 2416
Niuserre
Izi 2416 - 2392
Menkauhor
2396 - 2388
Djedkare
Izezi 2388 - 2356
Wenis
2356 - 2323
6th
Dynasty
Teti
2323 - 2291
Pepy I
(Meryre) 2289 - 2255
Merenre
Nemtyemzaf 2255 - 2246
Pepy II
(Neferkare) 2246 - 2152
FIRST
INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
This
was a very troubled time. There was a breakdown of centralized government, with
many
kings
having overlapping reigns. Montuhotep established order from his capital at
Thebes.
7th and
8th Dynasties
2150 -
2135
Netrikare
Menkare
Neferkare
II
Neferkare
III
Djedkare
II
Neferkare
IV
Merenhor
Menkamin
I
Nikare
Neferkare
V
Neferkahor
Neferkare
VI
Neferkamin
II
Ibi I
Neferkaure
Neferkauhor
Neferirkare
II
Attested
Kings about whom nothing more is known
Wadjkare
Sekhemkare
Iti
Imhotep
Isu
Iytenu
9th and
10th Dynasties
2135 -
1986
Neferkare
several
kings named Kheti
Meri-Hathor
(?)
Merikare
11th
Dynasty
Inyotef
I (Sehertawy) 2074 - 2064
Inyotef
II (Wahankh) 2064 - 2015
Inyotef
III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2015 - 2007
Montuhotep
II 2007 - 1986
MIDDLE
KINGDOM
This
period is marked with foreign trade and enormous building projects. There is a
refinement in
the
making of jewelry. Prosperity and renaissance existed for a long period of
time, but
eventually,
internal problems become apparent.
11th
Dynasty
Montuhotep
II (Nebhepetre) 1986 - 1956
Montuhotep
III (Sankhkare) 1956 - 1944
Montuhotep
IV (Nebtawyre) 1944 - 1937
12th
Dynasty
Amenemhet
I (Sehetepibre) 1937 - 1908
Senwosret
I (Kheperkare) 1917 - 1872
Amenemhet
II (Nubkaure) 1875 - 1840 (Jews enter in Egypt, Josef became a governor)
Senwosret
II (Khakheperre) 1842 - 1836
Senwosret
III (Khakaure) 1836 - 1817
Amenemhet
III (Nimaatre) 1817 - 1772
Amenemhet
IV (Maakherure) 1772 - 1763
Neferusobek
(Sobekkare) 1763 - 1759
SECOND
INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
The
Hyksos invade and conquer. Eventually the Theban princes regain power. Kamose
defeats
the
Hyksos.
13th
Dynasty
Wegaf 1783-1779
Amenemhat-senebef
Sekhemre-khutawi
Amenemhat
V
Sehetepibre
I
Iufni
Amenemhat
VI
Semenkare
Sehetepibre
II
Sewadjkare
Nedjemibre
Sobekhotep
I
Reniseneb
Hor I
Amenemhat
VII
Sobekhotep
II
Khendjer
Imira-mesha
Antef
IV
Seth
Sobekhotep
III
Neferhotep
I 1696 - 1686
Sihathor
1685 - 1685
Sobekhotep
IV 1685 - 1678
Sobekhotep
V 1678 - 1674
Iaib
1674 - 1664
Ay 1664
- 1641
Ini I
Sewadjtu
Ined
Hori
Sobekhotep
VI
Dedumes
I
Ibi II
Hor II
Senebmiu
Sekhanre
I
Merkheperre
Merikare
14th
Dynasty
Nehesi
Khatire
Nebfaure
Sehabre
Meridjefare
Sewadjkare
Heribre
Sankhibre
Kanefertemre
Neferibre
Ankhkare,
...
15th
Dynasty
Salitis
Bnon
Apachnan
(Khian)
Apophis
(Auserre Apepi)
Khamudi
16th
Dynasty
Anat-Her
User-anat
Semqen
Zaket
Wasa
Qar
Pepi
III
Bebankh
Nebmaatre
Nikare
II
Aahotepre
Aaneterire
Nubankhre
Nubuserre
Khauserre
Khamure
Jacob-Baal
Yakbam
Yoam
Amu,
...
17th
Dynasty
Antef V
Rahotep
Sobekemzaf
I
Djehuti
Mentuhotep
VII
Nebirau
I
Nebirau
II
Semenenre
Suserenre
Sobekemzaf
II
Antef
VI
Antef
VII
Tao I
(Senakhtenre)
Tao II
(Sekenenre)
Kamose
(Wadjkheperre)
NEW
KINGDOM
Extreme
prosperity and renaissance in art and building projects mark the beginning of
this
period.
Towards the end of the 19th Dynasty the increasing power of the priesthood
corrupts
the
central government. During the 20th Dynasty tomb robbing is done by officials.
The
priesthood
becomes hereditary and begins to assume secular power. The government breaks
down.
18th
Dynasty
Ahmose
(Nebpehtyre) 1539 - 1514
Amenhotep
I (Djeserkare) 1514 - 1493 (Amram, father of Moses birth: 1507)
Thutmose
I (Akheperkare) 1493 - 1481
Thutmose
II (Akheperenre) 1481 - 1479
Hatshepsut
(Maatkare) 1473 - 1458
Thutmose
III (Menkheperre) 1479 - 1425 (Moses birth: 1420)
Amenhotep
II (Akheperure) 1427 - 1392
Thutmose
IV (Menkheperure) 1392 - 1382 (Amram death: 1370)
Amenhotep
III (Nebmaatre) 1382 - 1344
Amenhotep
IV / Akhenaten 1352 - 1336
Neferneferuaten
1341 - 1337 (Jews leave Egypt,
Exodus: 1340)
Smenkhkare
(Ankhkheperure) 1337 - 1336
Tutankhamun
(Nebkheperure) 1336 - 1327
Ay
(Kheperkheperure) 1327 - 1323
Horemheb
(Djeserkheperure) 1323 - 1295 (Moses death: 1300)
19th
Dynasty
Ramesses
I (Menpehtyre) 1295 - 1294
Seti I
(Menmaatre) 1394 - 1279
Ramesses
II (Usermaatresetepenre) 1279 - 1213
Merenptah
(Baenrehotephirmaat) 1213 - 1203
The
Merneptah Stela was found by Sir Flinders Petrie in 1896 in Merneptah's
mortuary
temple. Merneptah ruled as Egypt's Pharoah just after Rameses the Great
(1212-1202
BC). The actual inscription decsribes a campaign of Merneptah into
Canaan
in 1210 BC. The reference to Israel being "laid waste" is the
earliest
and
only reference to Israel outside the Bible.
Many
scholars have subscribed to a 12th century Israelite exodus from Egypt. The
Bible's
own chronology indicates a date somewhere around 1400. Two hundred years
before
Merneptah's reign (for more info see Joshua's Conquest). According to the
Merneptah
inscription, Israel was already well established in 1210 BC. How can
they be
a force to be reckoned with if the are just 'emerging?" Israel is listed
as one
of the important 'nations' in Canaan in 1210 BC. "the king of the
greatest
nation on earth certainly would not have boasted of defeating an
unknown
or unimportant people."
The
stela also indicates that all of Canaan "became a widow" because of
Israel's
defeat,
indicating the importance of Israel's presence in Canaan at this time.
According
to the Bible's chronology, Merneptahs reign was during the period of
the Judges.
A key point in showing Israel's power during this time is Judges
4-5,
where Israel destroys Hatzor in 1230 BC.
It
seems that Israel was firmly established in Canaan by the 12th century BC and
not
just 'emerging from the indigenous population.' The Stela matches perfectly
with
the Bible's chronology.
Amenmesse
(Menmire) 1203 - 1200
Seti II
(Userkheperuresetepenre) 1200 - 1194
Siptah
(Akhenresetepenre) 1194 - 1188
Tausert
(Sitremeritamun) 1188 - 1186
20th
Dynasty
Setakht
(Userkhauremeryamun) 1186 - 1184
Ramesses
III (Usermaatremeryamun) 1184 - 1153
Ramesses
IV (Hekamaatresetepenamun) 1153 - 1147
Ramesses
V (Usermaatresekheperenre) 1147 - 1143
Ramesses
VI (Nebmaatremeryamun) 1143 - 1136
Ramesses
VII (Usermaatresetepenre) 1136 - 1129
Ramesses
VIII (Usermaatreakhenamun) 1129 - 1126
Ramesses
IX (Neferkaresetepenre) 1126 - 1108
Ramesses
X (Khepermaatresetepenre) 1108 - 1099
Ramesses
XI (Menmaatresetepenptah) 1099 - 1069
THIRD
INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
The
capital moves from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to SAIS, and then back
to Nubia
and
Thebes.
21st
Dynasty
Smedes
1070-1044
Amenemnisu
1040
Psusennes
I 1040-992
Amenope
993-984
Osochor
984-978
Siamun
978-959
Psusennes
II 959-945
22nd
Dynasty
Shoshenq
I 945-924
Osorkon
I 924-909
Takelot
909--?
Shoshenq
II ?--883
Osorkon
II 883-855
Takelot
II 860-835
Shoshenq
III 835-783
Pami
783-773
Shoshenq
IV 773-735
Osorkon
IV 735-712
23rd
Dynasty
Pedubaste
I 828-803
Osorkon
IV 777-749
Peftjauwybast
740-725
24th
Dynasty
Shepsesre
Tefnakht I 725-720
Wahkare
Bakenranef 720-715
LATE
KINGDOM
The
Nubians fall under the Assyrians invasion. The Greeks help re-establish order.
A
renaissance
in the arts of the 25th Dynasty shows a return to the Old Kingdom style.
25th
Dynasty
Shebaka
712-698
Shebitku
698-690
Taharqa
690-664
Tantamani
664-657
26th
Dynasty
Psammetichus
I (Psam-tik) 664-610
Psammetichus
II 610-595
Apries
589-570
Amasis
570-526
Psammetichus
III 526-525
27th
Dynasty
Cambyses
525-522
Darius
I 521-486
Xerxes
I 486-466
Artaxerxes
I 465-424
Darius
II 424-404
28th
Dynasty
Amyrtaios
404-399
29th
Dynasty
Nepherites
I 399-393
Psammuthis
393
Hakoris
393-380
Nepherites
II 380
30th
Dynasty
The
30th Dynasty contains the last of the Egyptian-born Pharaohs.
Nectanebo
I 380-362
Teos
365-360
Nectanebo
II 360-343
SECOND
PERSIAN PERIOD (343-332 B.C.)
31st
Dynasty
The
31st Dynasty in also known as the Second Persian Period and was added after Manetho
created
his list of kings..
Ochus
(Artaxerxes III) 343-338
Arses
338-336
Darius
III Codomannus 335-332
GRECO-ROMAN
PERIOD (332 B.C. - 395 A.D.)
Macedonian
Kings - Alexandria
Alexander
the Great 332-323
Philip
Arrhidaeus 323-316
Alexander
IV 316-304
Ptolemaic
Dynasty
This
period is confusing due to all of the co-regencies. Scholars are not always in
agreement on
the
order of reigns and, in some case, the reigns themselves, from Ptolemy VI
through Ptolemy
XI. In
any event, Egypt's authority and wealth was intact until the death of
Cleopatra, at which
time,
Egypt was overpowered by Rome.
Ptolemy
I Soter I 323-285
Ptolemy
II Philadelphus 282-246
Ptolemy
III Euergeter I 246-222
Ptolemy
IV Philopator 222-205
Ptolemy
V Epiphanes 205-180
Ptolemy
VI Philometor 180-164 &
163-145
Ptolemy
VII Neos Philopator 145
Ptolemy
VIII Euergetes II 170-163 &
145-116
Cleopatra
III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107 &
88-80
Cleopatra
III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88
Cleopatra
Berenice 81-80
Ptolemy
XI Alexander II 80
Ptolemy
XII Neos Dionysos 80-58 &
55-51
Berenice
IV 58-55
Cleopatra
VII & Ptolemy XIII 51-47
Cleopatra
& Ptolemy XIV 47-44
Cleopatra
VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion 44-30
Roman
Emperors
Augustus
30 B.C. - 14 A.D.
Tiberius
14-37
Gaius
Caligula 37-41
Claudius
41-54
Nero
54-68
Galba
68-69
Vespasianus
69-79
Titus
79-81
Domitianus
81-96
Nerva
96-98
Trajanus
98-117
Hadrianus
117-138
Antoninus
Pius 138-161
Marcus
Aurelius 161-180
Lucius
Verrus
Commodus
180-192
Septimus
Severus 193-211
Caracalla
198-217
Geta
209-212